斜出口合成射流激励器S进气道分离流动控制

设计加工了单膜双腔式斜出口合成射流激励器,应用PSI DTC Initium压力扫描系统对斜出口合成射流激励器在S进气道主动流动控制中的应用进行了研究.结果表明:斜出口合成射流激励器能够抑制S进气道分离流动,提高出口总压恢复系数σ和降低畸变指数DC90,只需通过改变激励器的工作电压和频率,就可实现对S进气道内部流场的控制.在共振频率下,当来流速度V=80m/s,采用斜出口合成射流控制可使出口截面平均总压恢复系数增加0.370%,此时所耗合成射流能量仅为主流的0.240%.     

A theoretical and 1-D numerical investigation on a valve/valveless air-breathing pulse detonation engine

The important operating characteristics of pulsed Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) propulsion are the pressure gain of the combustor component and the propulsive performance gain of the engine. A ramjet-type valve/valveless air-breathing pulsed detonation engine with a supersonic internal compression inlet is investigated. Based on an ideal thermal cycle, the ideal equivalent pressure ratios (π_cb) of the Pulsed Detonation Combustor (PDC) are obtained theoretically which are directly related with the propulsive performance of the engine. By introducing an orifice loss model into the cycles, the critical pressure drop ratios through the orifice for the PDC achieving pressure gain and the engine achieving thrust gain are studied. More influencing factors are investigated by the use of a one-dimensional (1-D) numerical simulation model. The operating characteristics of the pulse detonation engine are investigated with changes of the valve type, the inlet/outlet area ratio of the PDC, the nozzle area ratio, and flight conditions. All these factors can affect π_cb of the PDC, and π_cb can be optimized by changing the geometry of the engine. The most important influence parameter is the valve type. When using an orifice-type aerodynamic valve, simulation results show that the PDC cannot achieve the pressure gain characteristics. When a supersonic internal compression inlet is introduced to the engine, whether the Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) can achieve thrust gain comparable with that of an ideal Brayton cycle engine not only is related to the pressure gain of the combustor, but also needs to optimize the engine structure to reduce the total pressure loss.     

民用飞机进气道的侧风畸变研究

结合民用飞机动力装置/机体集成研究的具体需要,采用数值模拟方法对大涵道比涡扇发动机进气道的侧风畸变特性进行研究,给出了进气道在侧风条件下工作的流场特征,分析了导致侧风畸变的流动机理.研究结果表明:进气道的侧风畸变主要受到典型的气流分离与再附以及地面吸入涡等复杂流动现象的影响;当进气道内部气流出现分离时,侧风畸变会随侧风速度的增加而突然加剧;进气道在近地面工作状态,产生的地面吸入涡现象可能会使短舱的侧风容限明显降低.此外,侧风状态的进气畸变特性随着发动机流量的变化,进气道内部气流的分离与再附存在差别,这导致了进气畸变指数呈现迟滞变化.      

大量附面层吸入S弯进气道内吹气控制

为了提高某大量附面层吸入的半埋入S弯进气道气动性能,采用数值模拟方法对其进行吹气控制研究并详细分析了吹气控制机理及吹气位置、吹气量、吹气角度变化对控制效果的影响.结果表明:吹气位置变化显著影响控制效果,最佳吹气位置位于气流分离点稍前的第1弯附近,该位置吹气比为1.75%、吹气角度为20°吹气时总压恢复系数相对原型提高约0.56%,出口周向总压畸变系数和旋流畸变系数分别下降约43.14%和83.60%;吹气角度并非越大越好,吹气时需尽量满足吹气角度较小,保证吹出的气流始终位于附面层内,避免与主流掺混而造成损失;总压恢复、出口周向总压畸变以及旋流畸变三者随吹气量变化的趋势不同,吹气量越大进气道总压恢复及总压畸变改善越明显,而旋流畸变随吹气量的增加先快速下降,随后变缓,最终甚至出现增加的趋势.      

合成射流方向布局对S形进气道分离控制的效应

对合成射流控制一种S形进气道边界层分离进行了数值研究.选用狭缝出口的合成射流,详细讨论了展向和流向两种布局对控制效应的影响.结果显示:流向布局相对展向布局具有抗逆压梯度强、穿透深、控制效果持久等特点,在射流动量系数为1.62×10-3,特征频率等于1的工况下,其分离区长度缩减了38.39%.流向布局对S形进气道性能的提升也更显著,出口压力系数比无控制时提高158.91%,总压恢复系数提高0.71%,总压畸变指数降低56.75%.      

可调弯度进口导叶在对转压气机中的应用

利用NUMECA软件对对转压气机进口导叶不同弯度时进行流场模拟,得到了进口导叶不同弯度时的流场结构和性能参数.进口导叶正弯时,总增压比明显下降,稳定工作范围明显变小;进口导叶负弯时,随着弯度的增大,总增压比逐渐上升,堵塞点右移;进口导叶弯度为-15°时,稳定工作范围明显较大.结果表明: 采用可调弯度进口导叶能够调节和改善对转压气机性能和流场结构,可调弯度进口导叶能够调节转子进气攻角,使其更接近设计攻角,从而改善压气机的性能.      

Tomography-like flow visualization of a hypersonic inward-turning inlet

The flow field in a typical inward-turning inlet was visualized using the Planar Laser Scattering (PLS) method in a shock tunnel with a nominal Mach number of 6. The opaque inlet, which is truncated at a series of sections, and the following transparent isolator, are combined to enable the optical access at different streamwise locations. The sequential PLS images provide a tomography-like flow visualization, which confirm the existence of streamwise Counter-rotating Vortex Pairs (CVPs) in both external and internal flow field of the inlet. Generation mechanisms of these CVPs are unraveled with the help of a numerical simulation, among which the cowl notch plays an important role in the generation of surface trailing CVPs along the centerline of the cowl. Moreover, the cowl shock sweeps the internal boundary layer towards the body side, which ultimately accumulates low-momentum flow on the body side in forms of a large CVP propagating downstream through the isolator. The CVPs formed in the shape-transition are responsible for the nonuniform flow field of the inward-turning inlet. This study indicates that the V-shaped cowl notch affects the downstream flow significantly and, therefore, should be examined thoroughly in practical applications.     

一体化红外抑制器后机身狭缝进口布置对气流组织和红外辐射特性的影响

针对一体化红外抑制器后机身顶部狭缝进气口布局的精细化设计需求,提出了改变进气狭缝位置以及面积的4个方案,基于旋翼下洗气流和尾桨气流的简化模型进行了后机身内外流耦合流动传热数值研究,并运用正反射线追踪法计算得到了后机身3~5 μm波段和8~14 μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布,通过对比分析了狭缝进气口布局对一体化红外抑制器后机身气流组织和红外辐射特性的影响。结果表明：旋翼下洗气流对于机身两侧排出的热喷流掺混作用有所差异,存在尾桨气流时排气热喷流对喷口附近机身壁面的局部加热效应更显著;后机身顶部进气位置影响旋翼下洗气流的进气流量以及机身内部气流流动,进气口布置在后机身顶部外侧不利于旋翼下洗气流的导入,而进气口布置在后机身顶部内侧则导致旋翼下洗气流在混合管与机身壁面之间的局部流动较弱,使得该区域的气流温度较高;进气口面积增大虽有利于减小表面局部热点区域,却导致后机身上方的红外辐射强度有较大的增强。因此,进气口的位置和面积是重要的设计参数,合理的后机身内部气流组织可以提供有效的混合管冷却和后机身壁面热防护,改善3~5 μm波段和8~14 μm波段的红外辐射强度空间分布。     

核心机驱动风扇级气动设计方案

以某核心机驱动风扇级（CDFS）设计指标为牵引,采用CFD数值模拟方法分析了不同结构形式进口导向器（IGV）对CDFS性能的影响.结果表明:进口导向器可调、静子不可调的气动设计方案能够满足CDFS设计指标;进口导向器的调节方式对CDFS性能影响很大,对于可变弯度进口导向器,需要选择合适的可变弯度位置和关闭角度;模式转换中,在单外涵模式静子选择偏负攻角设计有利;CDFS单外涵模式与双外涵模式产生损失的原因不同,前者主要是转子通道激波,后者主要是进口导向器吸力面附面层气流分离.      

吸气式高超声速飞行器冷流试验设计及验证

对于吸气式飞行器而言,地面冷流试验是检验其进气道性能及气动特性的一项重要手段.以二元混压式进气道、机体/推进系统耦合为基本特征,设计了采用超燃冲压发动机为推进系统的内外流一体化巡航飞行器,针对其高超声速特性开展了冷流风洞试验,来流速度范围Ma=5.0~7.0,攻角范围α=-4°~8°.测压试验结果表明,随着来流马赫数的增大,进气道的总压恢复系数下降;而流量系数先上升,在设计点达到最大值;在一定攻角范围内,进气道的总压恢复系数和流量系数提高,但当攻角增大至巡航攻角时,随着攻角的增大,进气道的总压恢复系数和流量系数逐渐下降.测力试验验证了数值算法的有效性,除轴向力系数以外,其余气动特性系数的发展规律及数值基本吻合,可通过修正试验值的方式外推出飞行器的气动特性数据.